They can occur as our bodies try to create a minor immune response, and happen in response to other viral or bacterial infections, heart damage, autoimmune diseases, medicines, environmental factors, or other triggers, and only rarely, after vaccines. Myocarditis and pericarditis are documented adverse events after the Pfizer vaccine, but they are extremely rare. These refer to inflammation of the heart (myocarditis) or the lining of the heart (pericarditis). Recently, you may have heard reports from the US and Israel of myocarditis and pericarditis after Pfizer vaccines. However, you must tell your doctor about any allergic reaction before getting a second dose. Although scary, anaphylaxis is easily recognised, treated and reversed with an injection of adrenaline by medical or nursing staff, and people usually make a complete recovery. This type of reaction is estimated to occur in approximately five people per million doses of Pfizer and happens within 15 to 30 minutes after exposure, hence why the 15-minute wait after your vaccination. Anaphylaxis is an acute allergic reaction involving a rash, lip and tongue swelling, difficulty breathing, and sometimes a fast heart rate and low blood pressure. Some people experience allergic reactions, or, occasionally, even anaphylaxis after the Pfizer vaccine. These are in keeping with a normal immune system response, and consistent with side effects experienced during the clinical trials.
However 60% of those vaccinated reported side effects after their second dose the most common ones being headaches, muscle aches and fatigue, occurring in the first 24 to 48 hours post-vaccination and sometimes lasting for up to a week.
In terms of self-reported side effects, approximately two-thirds of those vaccinated with Pfizer reported no reactions after their first dose. This Pfizer vaccine has now been administered to millions of people around the world, and we have gathered a lot of data from both clinical trials and community safety surveillance programs – like VAERS in the USA and AusVaxSafety – that show its safety and efficacy. But what about the possible side effects and rare adverse events that can occur after the Pfizer vaccine? To date, there has been a lot of media and attention focused on this rare serious side effect of the AstraZeneca vaccine in Australia. These guidelines and eligibility criteria are based on advice from Australia’s Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI) – they have made these recommendations to ensure those with an increased risk of the rare blood-clotting disorder, known as TTS, are provided with a more suitable option. Most Australians between 12 years old and 60 years old, or with legitimate contraindications to the AstraZeneca vaccine, will be offered the Pfizer vaccine. Currently, one of the COVID-19 vaccines being rolled out around Australia is the Pfizer BioNTech mRNA vaccine. Dr Emily Isham is a GP with qualifications in Women's & Children's Health, and Public Health.
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